
When you think of beer, you typically think of the four ingredients defined in the German Purity Laws of 1516 - the "Reinheitsgebot" in German - which are water, barley, yeast, and hops. But hops are a relatively new ingredient to beer production.
Beer is older than the very idea of civilization. Approximately 9,000 years ago - the age of the oldest known evidence of beer - most humans lived as hunter-gatherers and were nomadic. Somewhere around 6,000 years ago, the original proto-states started to form with things like centralized governments, militaries, and so on. That makes beer about 3,000 years older than what many scientists consider to be the formation of modern, civilized, organized states. In fact, Charlie Bamforth, Professor of Brewing Science at the University of California, Davis, and others have argued that “Beer is the basis of modern static civilization," which made way for proto-states and civilization as we know it (1).